对中国国家男足主教练执教特征的多元分析     

王凯  何江川  杨放 《河北体育学院学报》2013,(5):61-65

运用多元统计分析方法,以中国国家男子足球队主教练更换为个案,对高洪波、卡马乔执教的中国国家男子足球队技战术特征变化进行分析。统计结果表明:降维分析能够解决多重共线性问题,并能提取反映教练员执教特征与差异的重要因素;中国男足主教练的更迭是一种合理的交接,是为了促进中国男足的发展。在不同阶段、不同主教练面对的对手不同,对男足技战术调整的重点不同,是其战绩不一致的重要原因;单纯地通过胜率、战绩,或者是否实现短期目标来评判教练员执教水平有失公允。通过多元数据统计分析,结合比赛实际,能够更好地对教练员的执教特征、差异及水平进行客观、公正的评判。该方法具有较好的复制性,参考意义重大,但有待进一步完善。  相似文献   

新入园幼儿良好行为习惯培养策略初探     

彭茂红 《重庆电子工程职业学院学报》2013,(6):103-106

培养幼儿良好行为习惯是幼儿品德教育的重点,也是幼儿园的一项非常重要的任务.新入园的幼儿由于家长的不重视、溺爱等没有形成良好行为习惯或有些不良的行为习惯.教师对新入园幼儿良好行为习惯的培养对于减轻家长负担、教师开展日常教学活动、幼儿身心健康成长方面有着十分重要的意义.对新入园幼儿良好行为习惯的培养应从教导新入园幼儿区分正确与错误的行为、利用榜样培养幼儿良好的行为习惯并使之持之以恒、教师与家长在新入园幼儿良好行为习惯培养的教育态度上达成一致性几方面入手.  相似文献   

Participation in sports in childhood and adolescence and physical activity in adulthood: A systematic review     

Mariana Biagi Batista  Catiana Leila Possamai Romanzini  Cynthia Correa Lopes Barbosa  Gabriela Blasquez Shigaki  Marcelo Romanzini  Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(19):2253-2262

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to verify the association between participation in sports (PS) in childhood and adolescence and physical activity (PA) in adulthood. A systematic search was conducted in the following databases: Medline (PUBMED), Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus, LILACS and SciELO. All steps of the process followed the recommendations of the PRISMA FlowDiagram. After all the steps of the process, 29 articles were included for analysis. In general, only three of the studies analyzed found no relation between PS in childhood and adolescence and PA in adulthood. However, a positive relationship was found to be weak in only 7% of the studies, a moderate relation in 62% of the studies, and a strong relation in 21%. It was found that higher weekly frequencies of PS; persistence of at least three years of PS and, finally, the highest level of practice and/or competition reached were related to higher levels of PA in adulthood. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a positive association considered moderate to strong between PS in childhood and adolescence and PA in adulthood.  相似文献   

Sex Bias and the Validity of Believed Differences between Male and Female Interscholastic Athletic Coaches     

Cynthia A. Hasbrook  Barbara A. Hart  Sharon A. Mathes  Susan True 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):259-267

Abstract

Previous research indicates that young athletes as well as athletic administrators hold gender-role stereotypical beliefs about coaches that disfavor females. The validity of two such beliefs (lack of qualified female coaches and time constraints due to family responsibilities) was examined in a statewide survey of 256 female and 296 male interscholastic coaches and a nationwide survey of 2,719 male and 1,449 female interscholastic coaches. Statistical analyses (p < .001) indicated that female coaches were (a) more qualified than their male counterparts with respect to coaching experience with female teams, professional training, and professional experience; (b) as qualified as male coaches with regard to intercollegiate playing experience; and (c) less qualified than male coaches with respect to high school playing experience and coaching experience with male teams. Findings also indicated that male rather than female coaches more often experienced time constraints due to family responsibilities.  相似文献   

Trends in the Selection of Coaches for Female Athletes: A Demographic Inquiry     

Milton G. Holmen  Bonnie L. Parkhouse 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):9-18

Abstract

Data were collected from 335 collegiate female athletic directors utilizing a questionnaire designed to assess trends in selecting coaches for female athletes between 1974 and 1979. These demographic results revealed: (a) a 37% increase in the number of coaches for female athletes, (b) a greater increase at the assistant (229%) rather than head (8%) coach level, (c) a substantial increase in male coaches (724) in comparison to their female counterparts (44), (d) a significant decline (294) in female head coaches, and (e) a large increase in the number of male head coaches (437). As the bases for this present investigation, current practices and affirmative action strategies were discussed (i.e., gender employment trends, de facto discrimination, federal civil rights legislation). Possible explanations of these findings were offered.  相似文献   

The Effects of a Group Contingency Strategy on Behaviorally Disordered Students in Physical Education     

E. William Vogler  Ron W. French 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):273-277

Abstract

An A-B-A-B time-series design was used to determine the effectiveness of a group contingency strategy in modifying on-task behavior of behaviorally disordered students in a physical education setting. A younger group (n = 12) with a mean age of 7.8 years, and an older group (n = 11) with a mean age of 11.2 years, participated in a study in which activity reinforcement for each group was contingent upon correct observation of the rules established for class. The group contingency strategy was significantly effective in increasing the percentage of on-task behavior of both groups of students. In addition, there was no significant difference in the response to treatment between younger and older students, and there were no individuals within either group who did not respond favorably to treatment.  相似文献   

The Effects of Three Styles of Teaching on the Psychomotor Performance And Social Skill Development of Fifth Grade Children     

Michael Goldberger  Philip Gerney  James Chamberlain 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):116-124

Abstract

The effects of Mosston's teaching styles B, C and E were examined in terms of motor skill acquisition and social skill development of fifth grade children. Ninety-six children, randomly selected and randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups, were taught a hockey accuracy task. Motor performance data were collected prior to, midway through, and following training; they were analyzed within groups, to determine if learning was evident, and across groups, to examine the relative effectiveness of these three styles of teaching. Social behavior patterns observed during learner-to-learner interaction were also examined during a second task in which pairs of learners were asked to “help” each other learn the task. A 3 × 3 analysis of variance with repeated measures revealed that (1) all three groups learned the task and (2) they learned comparably well. It was concluded that these three styles of teaching are all effective in facilitating learning of this type of motor task. Style C, an arrangement in whcih learners work in pairs, one performing the task while being provided with formative feedback by the other, was found not only to produce comparable learning, but to significantly enhance social skill development on those behaviors associated with giving feedback and receiving it from a peer.  相似文献   

Assimilation Effects in Coincident Timing Responses     

Douglas L. Weeks  Charles H. Shea 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):89-92

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to investigate ways in which gender-related perceptions and actions influenced students' construction of realities in curriculum-in-action in secondary school physical education. The participants were junior and senior secondary school students in a midwestern city in the United States. Data collection methods included observations and interviews. Data were analyzed with inductive analytical procedures. The findings of the study revealed that a majority of the female and male students reproduced traditionally dominant forms of femininity and masculinity. Female students patterned their behavior consistent with feminine ideology in selecting and participating in class activities, and male students chose and participated in class activities along masculine conceptions. The results were interpreted with reproduction and resistance theories. While femininity and masculinity cultures were reproduced through students' choice of activities and participation patterns, these cultures were resisted through students' construction of oppositional behavior.  相似文献   

New Frontiers in Visual Search: An Exploratory Study in Live Tennis Situations     

Robert N. Singer  A. Mark Williams  Shane G. Frehlich  Christopher M. Janelle  Steven J. Radlo  Douglas A. Barba 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):290-296

This study compares the motor skills and physical fitness of school-age children (6-12 years) with visual impairments (VI; n = 60) and sighted children (n = 60). The relationships between the performance parameters and the children's body composition are investigated as well as the role of the severity of the impairment. The degree of VI did not differentially affect the outcomes. Compared to their sighted peers, the children with VI scored lower on the locomotor and object control skills as assessed with the Test of Gross Motor Development-2, and the physical fitness (Eurofit) parameters of plate tapping, the standing broad jump, the modified 5 × 10-m shuttle run, and 20-m multistage shuttle run (20-MST). Their body mass and body fat indexes were inversely correlated with the standing broad jump and the 20-MST, but positively correlated with handgrip strength. Moreover, significant inverse correlations were found between their locomotor and object control skills on the one hand and plate tapping and the 5 × 10-m shuttle run on the other hand. Given the relatively high proportion (25%) of overweight/obese children within the VI sample, educators are recommended to promote health-related activities and help enhance motor skills in this population.  相似文献   

农村社区居民锻炼行为动机的理论分析     

牛志宁 《湖北体育科技》2013,(8):672-673

深入了解农村社区居民锻炼动机有关理论有利于掌握其锻炼动机类型及锻炼行为初衷,对制定农村居民锻炼动机量表和有效控制农村居民锻炼动机行为具有重要的理论意义。  相似文献